0 FOREX TRADING ADVANTAGE

A 24-hour market
A trader may take advantage of all profitable market conditions at any time. There is no waiting for the opening bell.

High liquidity
The Forex market with an average trading volume of over $1.3 trillion per day. It is the most liquid market in the world. It means that a trader can enter or exit the market at will in almost any market condition minimal execution marries or risk and no daily limit.

Low transaction cost
The retail transaction cost (the bid/ask spread) is typically less than 0.1% (10 pips or points) under normal market conditions. At larger dealers, the spread could be smaller.

Uncorrelated to the stock market
A trader in the Forex market involves selling or buying one currency against another. Thus, there is no correlation between the foreign currency market and the stock market. Bull market or a bear market for a currency is defined in terms of the outlook for its relative value against other currencies. If the outlook is positive, we have a bull market in which a trader profits by buying the currency against other currencies. Conversely, if the outlook is pessimistic, we have a bull market for other currencies and traders take profits by selling the currency against other currencies. In either case, there is always a good market trading opportunity for a trader.

Inter-bank market
The backbone of the Forex market consists of a global network of dealers. They are mainly major commercial banks that communicate and trade with one another and with their clients through electronic networks and telephones. There are no organized exchanges to serves a central location to facilitate transactions the way the New York Stock Exchange serves the equity markets. The Forex market operates in a manner similar to the way the NASDAQ market in the United States operates, thus it is also referred to as an over the counter ( OTC ) market.

No one can corner the market
The Forex market is so vast and has so many participants that no single entity, not even a central bank, can control the market price for an extended period of time. Even interventions by mighty central banks are becoming increasingly ineffectual and short lived. Thus central banks are becoming less and less inclined to intervene to manipulate market prices.

Foreign Exchange
The simultaneous buying of one currency and selling of another.

Foreign Exchange Market
An informal network of trading relationships between the world's major banks and other market participants sometimes referred to as the 'interbank' market. The foreign exchange market has no central clearinghouse or exchange, and is considered an over-the-counter (OTC) market.

Spot Market
Market for buying and selling currencies usually for settlement within two business days (the value date). USD/CAD = 1 day.

Rollover
The process whereby the settlement of a transaction is rolled forward to the next value date, typically at 5PM EST/10PM GMT. If you open a position on Monday, the settlement date is Wednesday, however, if you hold this position past rollover on Monday, the new value date is Thursday. Most brokers will automatically roll over your open positions, allowing you to hold a position for an indefinite period of time. The cost of this process is based on the interest rate differential between two currencies. Depending on your broker's rollover policy, if you are holding a currency with a higher rate of interest in the pair, you will earn interest, however if you are holding a currency with a lower rate of interest in the pair, you will pay it.

Exchange Rate
The value of one currency expressed in terms of another. For example, if the EUR/USD exchange rate is 1.3200, 1 Euro is worth US$1.3200.

Market Maker
A market maker provides liquidity in a particular financial instrument and stands ready to buy or sell that instrument by displaying a two-way price quote. A market maker takes the opposite side of your trade.

Broker
A firm that matches buyer and seller together for a fee or a commission.

Pip
The smallest price increment a currency can make. Also known as points. For example, 1 pip = 0.0001 for EUR/USD, or 0.01 for USD/JPY lot The standard unit size of a transaction. Typically, one standard lot is equal to 100,000 units of the base currency, and 10,000 units for a mini.

Pip Value
The value of a pip. To calculate pip value, divide 1 pip by the exchange rate and then multiply it by the number of units traded. So for example, to calculate the pip value for USD/CHF, divide 0.0001 by the current exchange rate of 1.2765 and multiply it by 100,000 to get a pip value of $7.83. For EUR/USD, divide 0.0001 by the current exchange rate of 1.2075 and multiply it by 100,000 to get a pip value of €8.28. To convert this back to US dollars, multiply it by the current exchange rate of 1.2075 to get a pip value of $10.

Spread
The difference between the sell quote and the buy quote. For example, if the quote for
EUR/USD reads 1.3200/03, the spread is the difference between 1.3200 and 1.3203, or 3 pips. In order to break even on your trade, your position must move in your direction by an amount equal to the spread.

Standard Account
Trading with standard lot sizes

Mini Account
Trading with mini lot sizes

Margin
The deposit required to open a position. A 1% margin requirement allows you to trade a $100,000 lot with a $1,000 deposit. A mini account is 1/10th of a standard account. A 1% margin requirement allows you to trade a $10,000 lot with a $100 deposit.
Leverage The effective buying power of your funds expressed as a ratio. Calculated by the amount of times the notional value of your transaction exceeds the margin required to trade. e.g. 100:1 leverage allows you to control a $100,000 position with a $1,000 deposit. You can get leverages as high as 400:1 with some brokers.

Long Position
A position whereby the trader profits from an increase in price. (Buy low, sell high)

Short Position
A position whereby the trader profits from a decrease in price. (Sell high, buy lower)

Market Order
An order at the current market price

Entry Order
An order that is executed when the price touches a pre-specified level

Limit Entry Order
An order to buy below or sell above the market at a pre-specified level, believing that the price will reverse direction from that point.

Stop-Entry Order
An order to buy above or sell below the market at a pre-specified level, believing that the price will continue in the same direction from that point.

Limit Order
An order to take profits at a pre-specified level

Stop-Loss Order
An order to limit losses at a pre-specified level

OCO Order
One Cancels the Other. Two orders whereby if one is executed, the other is cancelled.

Slippage
The difference in pips between the order price and the price the order is executed at.
Artical Source By GTL

0 WHAT IS THE FOREX MARKET?

The Foreign Exchange market, also referred to as the "Forex" or "FX" market is the largest financial market in the world, with a daily average turnover of US$1.9 trillion -- 30 times larger than the combined volume of all U.S. equity markets. "Foreign Exchange" is the simultaneous buying of one currency and selling of another. Currencies are traded in pairs, for example Euro/US Dollar (EUR/USD) or US Dollar/Japanese Yen (USD/JPY). There are two reasons to buy and sell currencies. About 5% of daily turnover is from companies and governments that buy or sell products and services in a foreign country or must convert profits made in foreign currencies into their domestic currency. The other 95% is trading for profit, or speculation. For speculators, the best trading opportunities are with the most commonly traded (and therefore most liquid) currencies, called "the Majors." Today, more than 85% of all daily transactions involve trading of the Majors, which include the US Dollar, Japanese Yen, Euro, British Pound, Swiss Franc, Canadian Dollar and Australian Dollar.

A true 24-hour market, Forex trading begins each day in Sydney, and moves around the globe as the business day begins in each financial centre, first to Tokyo, London, and New York. Unlike any other financial market, investors can respond to currency fluctuations caused by economic, social and political events at the time they occur - day or night. The FX market is considered an Over The Counter (OTC) or 'interbank' market, due to the fact that transactions are conducted between two counterparts over the telephone or via an electronic network. Trading is not centralized on an exchange, as with the stock and futures markets.

0 FX STANDARD ACCOUNT

GTL is most recognized name in the online foreign exchange brokerage industry; we help private and institutional clients to achieve their trading goals by offering compressive Forex Trading platforms. Known for our integrity and professionalism we are committed to meeting and exceeding our customer’s expectations by contributing toward their success. GTL offers FX Standard Account holders a combination of highly competitive trading conditions, professional trading software and a high quality multi-lingual customer service.

artical source by Gtl

0 Top 10 currency traders

1 Deutsche Bank 21.70%
2 UBS AG 15.80%
3 Barclays Capital 9.12%
4 Citi 7.49%
5 Royal Bank of Scotland 7.30%
6 JPMorgan 4.19%
7 HSBC 4.10%

artical source by :-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_currency_mortgage

% of overall volume, May 2008

0 Retail forex brokers

There are two types of retail brokers offering the opportunity for speculative trading: retail forex brokers and market makers. Retail traders (individuals) are a small fraction of this market and may only participate indirectly through brokers or banks. Retail forex brokers, while largely controlled and regulated by the CFTC and NFA might be subject to forex scams. At present, the NFA and CFTC are imposing stricter requirements, particularly in relation to the amount of Net Capitalization required of its members. As a result many of the smaller, and perhaps questionable brokers are now gone. It is not widely understood that retail brokers and market makers typically trade against their clients and frequently take the other side of their trades. This can often create a potential conflict of interest and give rise to some of the unpleasant experiences some traders have had. A move toward NDD (No Dealing Desk) and STP (Straight through Processing) has helped to resolve some of these concerns and restore trader confidence, but caution is still advised in ensuring that all is as it is presented.

artical source by :-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_currency_mortgage

0 Foreign currency mortgage

A foreign currency mortgage is a mortgage which is repayable in a currency other than the currency of the country in which the borrower is a resident. Foreign currency mortgages can be used to finance both personal mortgages and corporate mortgages.

The interest rate charged on a Foreign currency mortgage is based on the interest rates applicable to the currency in which the mortgage is denominated and not the interest rates applicable to the borrower's own domestic currency. Therefore, a Foreign currency mortgage should only be considered when the interest rate on the foreign currency is significantly lower than the borrower can obtain on a mortgage taken out in his or her domestic currency.

Borrowers should bear in mind that ultimately they have a liability to repay the mortgage in another currency and currency exchange rates constantly change. This means that if the borrower's domestic currency was to strengthen against the currency in which the mortgage is denominated, then it would cost the borrower less in domestic currency to fully repay the mortgage. Therefore, in effect, the borrower makes a capital saving.

Conversely, if the exchange rate of borrowers domestic currency were to weaken against the currency in which the mortgage is denominated, then it would cost the borrower more in their domestic currency to repay the mortgage. Therefore, the borrower makes a capital loss.

When the value of the mortgage is large, it may be possible to reduce or limit the risk in the exchange exposure by hedging .

Managed currency mortgages can help to reduce risk exposure. A borrower can allow a specialist currency manager to manage their loan on their behalf (through a limited power of attorney), where the currency manager will switch the borrower's debt in and out of foreign currencies as they change in value against the base currency. A successful currency manager will move the borrower's debt into a currency which subsequently falls in value against the base currency. The manager can then switch the loan back into the base currency (or another weakening currency) at a better exchange rate, thereby reducing the value of the loan. A further benefit of this product is that the currency manager will try to select currencies with a lower interest rate than the base currency, and the borrower therefore can make substantial interest savings.

There are risks associated with these types of mortgages and the borrower must be prepared to accept an (often limited) increase in the value of their debt if there are adverse movements in the currency markets.

A successful currency manager may be able to use the currency markets to pay off a borrower's loan (through a combination of debt reduction and interest rate savings) within the normal lifetime of the loan, while the borrower pays on an interest only basis.

artical source by :-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_currency_mortgage

0 List of South Asian stock exchanges

Exchange Location Founded Listings Link


Afghanistan
Kabul International Stock Exchange Kabul KISE
Bangladesh
Chittagong Stock Exchange CSE
Dhaka Stock Exchange 1954 DSE
Bhutan
British Indian Ocean Territory
India
Ahmedabad Stock Exchange Ahmedabad 1894 2000 ASE
Bangalore Stock Exchange Bangalore 1963 600 BgSE info page
Bhubaneshwar Stock Exchange Bhubaneshwar 1956 BhSE info page
Bombay Stock Exchange Mumbai 1875 4909 BSE
Calcutta Stock Exchange Kolkata 1830 CSE
Cochin Stock Exchange Kochi 1989 CSE
Coimbatore Stock Exchange Coimbatore 1998 CSX info page
Delhi Stock Exchange Association New Delhi 1947 3000 DSE info page
Guwahati Stock Exchange Guwahati 1983 GSE info page
Hyderabad Stock Exchange Hyderabad 1943 900 HSE
Inter-connected Stock Exchange of India Kolkata ISE
Jaipur Stock Exchange Jaipur 1989 750 JSE info page
Kanara Stock Exchange Mangalore
Ludhiana Stock Exchange Association Ludhiana 1983 LSE info page
Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange Indore MPSE info page
Madras Stock Exchange Chennai 1920 1500 MSE info page
Meerut Stock Exchange Meerut 1956 Info page
National Stock Exchange of India Mumbai 1992 1398 NSE
OTC Exchange of India Mumbai 1990 OTCEI info page
Pune Stock Exchange Pune 1982 PSE
Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Rajkot 1989 SKSE info page
Uttar Pradesh Stock Association Kanpur 1982 850 UPSE info page
Vadodara Stock Exchange Vadodara/Baroda 1990 VSE info page


Maldives
Maldives Stock Exchange Malé 4 MSE
Myanmar
Nepal
Nepal Stock Exchange Kathmandu 1993 125 NEPSE
Pakistan
Islamabad Stock Exchange Islamabad 1989 ISE
Karachi Stock Exchange Karachi 1947 KSE
Lahore Stock Exchange Lahore 1970 LSE
Sialkot Stock Exchange Sialkot 2005 LSE
Sri Lanka
Colombo Stock Exchange Colombo 1896 243 CSE
Tibet

0 BSE Broadcast

The BSE Broadcast is a large ticker on the wall of the BSE, which continuously displays the latest stock quotes from the market. It also displays – on what is described as India's and South Asia's largest video screen –one of the leading business-news channels in India: NDTV Profit.

This new system was unveiled on December 15, 2006, when Dr Prannoy Roy, the Managing Director of New Delhi Television (NDTV) Ltd, struck the BSE's opening bell. Mr Damodaran, the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), said that the ticker would provide information and analysis of the financial world.

Following is the timeline on the rise and rise of the Sensex through Indian stock market history.

1000, July 25, 1990 On July 25, 1990, the Sensex touched the magical four-digit figure for the first time and closed at 1,001 in the wake of a good monsoon season and excellent corporate results.

2000, January 15, 1992 On January 15, 1992, the Sensex crossed the 2,000-mark and closed at 2,020 followed by the liberal economic policy initiatives undertaken by the then finance minister and current Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh.

3000, February 29, 1992 On February 29, 1992, the Sensex surged past the 3000 mark in the wake of the market-friendly Budget announced by the then Finance Minister, Dr Manmohan Singh.

4000, March 30, 1992 On March 30, 1992, the Sensex crossed the 4,000-mark and closed at 4,091 on the expectations of a liberal export-import policy. It was then that the Harshad Mehta scam hit the markets and Sensex witnessed unabated selling.

5000, October 8, 1999 On October 8, 1999, the Sensex crossed the 5,000-mark as the BJP-led coalition won the majority in the 13th Lok Sabha election.

6000, February 11, 2000 On February 11, 2000, the infotech boom helped the Sensex to cross the 6,000-mark and hit and all time high of 6,006.

7000, June 20, 2005 On June 20, 2005, the news of the settlement between the Ambani brothers boosted investor sentiments and the scrips of RIL, Reliance Energy, Reliance Capital, and IPCL made huge gains. This helped the Sensex crossed 7,000 points for the first time.

8000, September 8, 2005 On September 8, 2005, the Bombay Stock Exchange's benchmark 30-share index -- the Sensex -- crossed the 8000 level following brisk buying by foreign and domestic funds in early trading.

9000, November 28, 2005 The Sensex on November 28, 2005 crossed the magical figure of 9000 to touch 9000.32 points during mid-session at the Bombay Stock Exchange on the back of frantic buying spree by foreign institutional investors and well supported by local operators as well as retail investors.

10,000, February 6, 2006 The Sensex on February 6, 2006 touched 10,003 points during mid-session. The Sensex finally closed above the 10K-mark on February 7, 2006.

11,000, March 21, 2006 The Sensex on March 21, 2006 crossed the magical figure of 11,000 and touched a life-time peak of 11,001 points during mid-session at the Bombay Stock Exchange for the first time. However, it was on March 27, 2006 that the Sensex first closed at over 11,000 points.

12,000, April 20, 2006 The Sensex on April 20, 2006 crossed the 12,000-mark and closed at a peak of 12,040 points for the first time.

13,000, October 30, 2006 The Sensex on October 30, 2006 crossed the magical figure of 13,000 and closed at 13,024.26 points, up 117.45 points or 0.9%. It took 135 days for the Sensex to move from 12,000 to 13,000 and 123 days to move from 12,500 to 13,000.

14,000, December 5, 2006 The Sensex on December 5, 2006 crossed the 14,000-mark to touch 14,028 points. It took 36 days for the Sensex to move from 13,000 to the 14,000 mark.

15,000, July 6, 2007 The Sensex on July 6, 2007 crossed the magical figure of 15,000 to touch 15,005 points in afternoon trade. It took seven months for the Sensex to move from 14,000 to 15,000 points.

16,000, September 19, 2007 The Sensex scaled yet another milestone during early morning trade on September 19, 2007. Within minutes after trading began, the Sensex crossed 16,000, rising by 450 points from the previous close. The 30-share Bombay Stock Exchange's sensitive index took 53 days to reach 16,000 from 15,000. Nifty also touched a new high at 4659, up 113 points.

The Sensex finally ended with a gain of 654 points at 16,323. The NSE Nifty gained 186 points to close at 4,732.

17,000, September 26, 2007 The Sensex scaled yet another height during early morning trade on September 26, 2007. Within minutes after trading began, the Sensex crossed the 17,000-mark . Some profit taking towards the end, saw the index slip into red to 16,887 - down 187 points from the day's high. The Sensex ended with a gain of 22 points at 16,921.

18,000, October 09, 2007 The BSE Sensex crossed the 18,000-mark on October 09, 2007. It took just 8 days to cross 18,000 points from the 17,000 mark. The index zoomed to a new all-time intra-day high of 18,327. It finally gained 789 points to close at an all-time high of 18,280. The market set several new records including the biggest single day gain of 789 points at close, as well as the largest intra-day gains of 993 points in absolute term backed by frenzied buying after the news of the UPA and Left meeting on October 22 put an end to the worries of an impending election.

19,000, October 15, 2007 The Sensex crossed the 19,000-mark backed by revival of funds-based buying in blue chip stocks in metal, capital goods and refinery sectors. The index gained the last 1,000 points in just four trading days. The index touched a fresh all-time intra-day high of 19,096, and finally ended with a smart gain of 640 points at 19,059.The Nifty gained 242 points to close at 5,670.

20,000, October 29, 2007 The Sensex crossed the 20,000 mark on the back of aggressive buying by funds ahead of the US Federal Reserve meeting. The index took only 10 trading days to gain 1,000 points after the index crossed the 19,000-mark on October 15. The major drivers of today's rally were index heavyweights Larsen and Toubro, Reliance Industries, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank and SBI among others. The 30-share index spurted in the last five minutes of trade to fly-past the crucial level and scaled a new intra-day peak at 20,024.87 points before ending at its fresh closing high of 19,977.67, a gain of 734.50 points. The NSE Nifty rose to a record high 5,922.50 points before ending at 5,905.90, showing a hefty gain of 203.60 points.

Source: www.rediff.com

21,000, January 8, 2008 The sensex crossed the 21,000 mark in intra-day trading after 49 trading sessions. This was backed by high market confidence of increased FII investment and strong corporate results for the third quarter. However, it later fell back due to profit booking.

15,200, June 13, 2008 The sensex closed below 15,200 mark, Indian market suffer with major downfall from January 21,2008

14,220, June 25, 2008 The sensex touched an intra day low of 13,731 during the early trades, then pulled back and ended up at 14,220 amidst a negative sentiment generated on the Reserve Bank of India hiking CRR by 50 bps. FII outflow continued in this week.

12,822, July 2, 2008 The sensex hit an intra day low of 12,822.70 on July 2nd, 2008. This is the lowest that it has ever been in the past year. Six months ago, on January 10th, 2008, the market had hit an all time high of 21206.70. This is a bad time for the Indian markets, although Reliance and Infosys continue to lead the way with mostly positive results. Bloomberg lists them as the top two gainers for the Sensex, closely followed by ICICI Bank and ITC Ltd.

11801.70, Oct 6, 2008 The sensex closed at 11801.70 hitting the lowest in the past 2 years.

10527, Oct 10, 2008 The Sensex today closed at 10527,800.51 points down from the previous day having seen an intraday fall of as large as 1063 points. Thus,this week turned out to be the week with largest percentage fall in the Sensex.


Artical Source By:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange

0 Hours of Operation

Beginning of the Day Session....8:00 - 9:00
Login Session....9:00 - 9:30
Trading Session....9:30 - 15:30
Position Transfer Session....15:30 - 15:50
Closing Session....15:50 - 16:05
Option Exercise Session....16:05 - 16:35
Margin Session....16:35 - 16:50
Query Session....16:50 - 17:35
End of Day Session....17:35

The hours of operation for the BSE quoted above are stated in terms of the local time in Mumbai, India (also known as Bombay). This translates into a standard time zone UTC/GMT +5:30.

BSE's normal trading sessions are on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance

0 Bombay Stock Exchange

The Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (Marathi: मुंबई शेयर बाजार Mumbaī Śeyar Bājār) (formerly, The Stock Exchange, Mumbai; popularly called The Bombay Stock Exchange, or BSE) has the greatest number of listed companies in world, with 4700 listed as of August 2007.
It is located at Dalal Street, Mumbai, India. On 31 December 2007, the equity market capitalization of the companies listed on the BSE was US$ 1.79 trillion, making it the largest stock exchange in South Asia and the tenth largest in the world.

The Bombay Stock Exchange was established in 1875. Around 6,000 Indian companies list on the stock exchange, and it has a significant trading volume. The BSE SENSEX (SENSitive indEX), also called the "BSE 30", is a widely used market index in India and Asia. Though many other exchanges exist, BSE and the National Stock Exchange of India account for most of the trading in shares in India.

0 Stock exchange

A stock exchange, securities exchange or (in Europe) bourse is a corporation or mutual organization which provides "trading" facilities for stock brokers and traders, to trade stocks and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for the issue and redemption of securities as well as other financial instruments and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. The securities traded on a stock exchange include: shares issued by companies, unit trusts and other pooled investment products and bonds. To be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, it has to be listed there. Usually there is a central location at least for recordkeeping, but trade is less and less linked to such a physical place, as modern markets are electronic networks, which gives them advantages of speed and cost of transactions. Trade on an exchange is by members only. The initial offering of stocks and bonds to investors is by definition done in the primary market and subsequent trading is done in the secondary market. A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market. Supply and demand in stock markets is driven by various factors which, as in all free markets, affect the price of stocks (see stock valuation).

There is usually no compulsion to issue stock via the stock exchange itself, nor must stock be subsequently traded on the exchange. Such trading is said to be off exchange or over-the-counter. This is the usual way that bonds are traded. Increasingly, stock exchanges are part of a global market for securities.

Source By :-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_exchange

0 Forex currencies quotation system

Currencies are quoted in pairs, for example – EUR/USD or USD/JPY.
The first currency in the pair is called the base currency and the second is called the counter currency.
The base currency is the ‘bases for purchases and sales.

For example,
if you buy EUR/USD, then you acquire Euros and sell Dollars. You do this if you expect the Euro to grow against the Dollar.
It is also possible for a currency pair to be quoted as USD/EUR, but this method is used extremely rarely.
Each transaction must have 2 sides – a buy and a sell (or a sell and a buy).
By this we mean that it is impossible to buy 100.000 EUR/USD and then exchange it for another currency pair (i.e.: EUR/JPY) without closing the first position.
Also please note that no physical currency delivery will be made. For these purposes banks and exchange companies, which specialize in low-rate currency conversions are available.

0 How does the B/S system work?

As with any market, for each currency pair, there are 2 prices. The difference between them is called the spread.
The spread is measured in points or pips – lowest decimal figure in a currency rate.
For a EURUSD a pip equals 0.0001 (or 10 dollars on 100.000), for EURJPY a pip equals 0.01 (or 1000 yen on 100.000).

0 How Forex work?

Forex market allows you to buy and sell currencies against each other and speculate on the differences in exchange rates

Making a transaction on the Forex Market is simple:

The procedures are identical to that of any other market so switching to trading currencies is straightforward for most traders.

Buying/Selling - B/S

If you want to open a position (i.e.: place an order to sell – to make a profit if the exchange rate falls) you have to choose the amount (i.e.: 100.000 EURUSD) from the drop down menu on the platform and then click the mouse on the sell currency button: SELL (if you want to place an order to buy, you should act in reverse).
This will open a position in the market and you will receive an immediate notification of it on your trading station.
To close an open position, you have to do the opposite of the initial operation – in our case buy the 100.000 EURUSD back.

0 Foreign Exchange, FX Definition of Forex

The Forex is the largest marketplace in the world with than 1.8 trillion dollars changing hands daily and so making it one of the most attractive and lucrative markets.

forex trading services for traders wanting to make speculative transactions on the exchange rate between two currencies.
These rates may be influenced by world economic and political events, currency rate differentials, as well as many other factors including extreme weather conditions (hurricanes), acts of terror etc.

0 Intangible assets

Intangible assets lack physical substance and usually are very hard to evaluate. They include patents, copyrights, franchises, goodwill, trademarks, trade names, etc. These assets are (according to US GAAP) amortized to expense over 5 to 40 years with the exception of goodwill.

Websites are treated differently in different countries and may fall under either tangible or intangible assets.

All Topic Source By:-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset

0 Intangible assets

Intangible assets lack physical substance and usually are very hard to evaluate. They include patents, copyrights, franchises, goodwill, trademarks, trade names, etc. These assets are (according to US GAAP) amortized to expense over 5 to 40 years with the exception of goodwill.

Websites are treated differently in different countries and may fall under either tangible or intangible assets.

0 Fixed assets

Also referred to as PPE (property, plant, and equipment), or tangible assets, these are purchased for continued and long-term use in earning profit in a business. This group includes land, buildings, machinery, furniture, tools, and certain wasting resources e.g., timberland and minerals. They are written off against profits over their anticipated life by charging depreciation expenses (with exception of land). Accumulated depreciation is shown in the face of the balance sheet or in the notes.

These are also called capital assets in management accounting

0 Long-term investments

Often referred to simply as "investments". Long-term investments are to be held for many years and are not intended to be disposed in the near future. This group usually consists of four types of investments:

Investments in securities, such as bonds, common stock, or long-term notes.
Investments in fixed assets not used in operations (e.g., land held for sale).
Investments in special funds (e.g., sinking funds or pension funds).
Investments in subsidiaries or affiliated companies.
Different forms of insurance may also be treated as long term investmen

0 Current assets

Current assets are cash and other assets expected to be converted to cash, sold, or consumed either in a year or in the operating cycle. These assets are continually turned over in the course of a business during normal business activity. There are 5 major items included into current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents — it is the most liquid asset, which includes currency, deposit accounts, and negotiable instruments (e.g., money orders, cheque, bank drafts).
Short-term investments — include securities bought and held for sale in the near future to generate income on short-term price differences (trading securities).
Receivables — usually reported as net of allowance for uncollectable accounts.
Inventory — trading these assets is a normal business of a company. The inventory value reported on the balance sheet is usually the historical cost or fair market value, whichever is lower. This is known as the "lower of cost or market" rule.
Prepaid expenses — these are expenses paid in cash and recorded as assets before they are used or consumed (a common example is insurance). See also adjusting entries

0 Asset characteristics

Assets have three essential characteristics:

The probable future benefit involves a capacity, singly or in combination with other assets, in the case of profit oriented enterprises, to contribute directly or indirectly to future net cash flows, and, in the case of not-for-profit organizations, to provide services;
The entity can control access to the benefit;
The transaction or event giving rise to the entity's right to, or control of, the benefit has already occurred.
It is not necessary, in the financial accounting sense of the term, for control of assets to the benefit to be legally enforceable for a resource to be an asset, provided the entity can control its use by other means.

It is important to understand that in an accounting sense an asset is not the same as ownership. In accounting, ownership is described by the term "equity," (see the related term shareholders' equity). Assets are equal to "equity" plus "liabilities."

The accounting equation relates assets, liabilities, and owner's equity:

Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity
The accounting equation is the mathematical structure of the balance sheet.

Assets are usually listed on the balance sheet. It has a normal balance, or usual balance, of debit (i.e., asset account amounts appear on the left side of a ledger).

Similarly, in economics an asset is any form in which wealth can be held.

Probably the most accepted accounting definition of asset is the one used by the International Accounting Standards Board [1]. The following is a quotation from the IFRS Framework: "An asset is a resource controlled by the enterprise as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the enterprise."

Assets are formally controlled and managed within larger organizations via the use of asset tracking tools. These monitor the purchasing, upgrading, servicing, licensing, disposal etc., of both physical and non-physical assets.

0 Asset

In business and accounting, assets are everything owned by a person or company (all tangible and intangible property) that can be converted into cash [1]. Since this includes intangible valuables such as stocks and accounts and notes receivable, whose cash value is not clear until they are sold, assets can also be defined as a probable future economic benefit obtained or controlled by a person or company as a result of a past transaction or event.

0 Unsecured loan

An unsecured loan is a loan that is not backed by collateral. Also known as a signature loan or personal loan.

Unsecured loans are based solely upon the borrower's credit rating. As a result, they are often much more difficult to get than a secured loan, which also factors in the borrower's income. An unsecured loan is considered much cheaper and carries less risk to the borrower.[1] However, when an unsecured loan is granted, it does not necessarily have to be based on a credit score. For example, if your friend lends you money without any collateral, meaning something of worth that can be repossessed if the loan isn't repaid, then your credit score has zero to do with it, but rather the value of your friendship is at stake. Therefore the real meaning of an unsecured loan is that it is not backed by any object of value and is lent to you based on your good name. For financial institutional purposes, they may want to look at your credit score because they are not your friend and it is strictly a business transaction, therefore your good name may be associated with your historical payment history on prior debt, reflecting in your credit score. There are three types of unsecured loans. First there is a personal unsecured loan, meaning a loan that you individually are responsible for the repayment of, second is an unsecured business loan which leaves the business responsible for the repayment, and finally there is an unsecured business loan with a personal guarantee. With the latter, although the borrower is the business, you as an individual will be the payer of last resort if the business defaults on the loan

0 Debt consolidation vs loans

The multiple options available to consolidate ones debts can be quite confusing, credit counseling programs, debt settlement, debt consolidation loans, bankruptcy are just a few options available today. Trying to find the best option to suit your current financial situation can be a difficult task.

Typically, debt consolidation programs are debt repayment programs. They can consolidate most types of unsecured debts from major credit cards to personal and student loans. You choose the accounts you want to enter into the program when joining. Once enrolled, the company will contact your creditors to negotiate more favorable repayment terms on your accounts and possibly reducing your interest rates and it may even elimination late fees. You will then send that company one lump sum payment monthly which they will disperse to the creditors you enrolled on your account when joining.

Most so called debt consolidation loans are just home equity loans in disguise. They use the equity built up in your current home loan and use it to repay all of your unsecured debts. These types of loan options usually come with heavy application fees and can greatly extend the amount of time it will take you to pay off those debts. These loans also convert all of your current unsecured debts into a secured debt which is now backed by your home. If you fall behind on your payments you could risk losing your property.

0 Debt consolidation

Debt consolidation entails taking out one loan to pay off many others. This is often done to secure a lower interest rate, secure a fixed interest rate or for the convenience of servicing only one loan.

Debt consolidation can simply be from a number of unsecured loans into another unsecured loan, but more often it involves a secured loan against an asset that serves as collateral, most commonly a house. In this case, a mortgage is secured against the house. The collateralization of the loan allows a lower interest rate than without it, because by collateralizing, the asset owner agrees to allow the forced sale (foreclosure) of the asset to pay back the loan. The risk to the lender is reduced so the interest rate offered is lower.

Sometimes, debt consolidation companies can discount the amount of the loan. When the debtor is in danger of bankruptcy, the debt consolidator will buy the loan at a discount. A prudent debtor can shop around for consolidators who will pass along some of the savings. Consolidation can affect the ability of the debtor to discharge debts in bankruptcy, so the decision to consolidate must be weighed carefully.

Debt consolidation is often advisable in theory when someone is paying credit card debt. Credit cards can carry a much larger interest rate than even an unsecured loan from a bank. Debtors with property such as a home or car may get a lower rate through a secured loan using their property as collateral. Then the total interest and the total cash flow paid towards the debt is lower allowing the debt to be paid off sooner, incurring less interest.

Because of the theoretical advantage that debt consolidation offers a consumer that has high interest debt balances, companies can take advantage of that benefit of refinancing to charge very high fees in the debt consolidation loan. Sometimes these fees are near the state maximum for mortgage fees. In addition, some unscrupulous companies will knowingly wait until a client has backed themselves into a corner and must refinance in order to consolidate and pay off bills that they are behind on the payments. If the client does not refinance they may lose their house, so they are willing to pay any allowable fee to complete the debt consolidation. In some cases the situation is that the client does not have enough time to shop for another lender with lower fees and may not even be fully aware of them. This practice is known as predatory lending. Certainly many, if not most, debt consolidation transactions do not involve predatory lending


Source By :-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_consolidation